Oils Information Page
What Is Aromatherapy?
Aromatherapy is the application of essential oils which are intended to promote the health and well-being of an individual. Although the essential oils, which are extracted from plants, have very specific aromas which have been used since the times of the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans, they also have numerous other important qualities and various oils may be antibiotic, antiviral, antiseptic etc.Essential oils have been used in perfumery and healing for many thousands of years, even before the ancient Egyptian times. The art of embalming was very dependent upon essential oils, and Greek warriors are known to have anointed themselves with oils before going into battle. Precious gifts in the Middle East 2000 years ago included myrrh and frankincense. In Europe in the middle ages, aromatic plants such as clove, cypress, sage and rosemary were burned in an effort to control plagues. The use of natural oils for both fragrance and healing purposes however started to die out in the early nineteenth century when scientists learned how to synthesize the plant oils for both perfumes and medicines. It was thought that the new synthesized products would take the place of the natural, more expensive substances, which accordingly fell out of favor. Since then of course, we have learned that synthesized drugs do not always provide the best answer and that nature often provides a solution that is more suited to the task and with fewer side-effects.
How Essential Oils enter the Body
Essential oils can enter the body in two distinct ways:
1) Through the air via the nose and bronchial passages. (Inhalation)
2) Absorbed through the skin directly into the bloodstream using massage. (Absorption).
Aromatherapy makes use of both inhalation and absorption. The power of smell is a very powerful trigger to the human nervous system. Some aromas, such as newly cut grass, the sea breeze, etc. have evocative smells so powerful that simply reading the word can remind us of the aroma. An aroma usually has an immediate effect, which is why smelling salts can instantly revive. The nose contains tiny hair-like extensions of the brain which detect scent. The brain very rapidly interprets aromas that are inhaled. It has long been known that certain smells or aromas have a sedative or soothing effect whilst others have a stimulating effect. A qualified Aromatherapist uses essential oils to treat a surprising number of ailments. Many oils have proven antiseptic properties and can be used as first aid and as an ongoing treatment for cuts, burns, insect bites and bruises. Some other oils are anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antibiotic, etc. Oils with anti-fungal properties can be used in such conditions as athletes foot and other fungal infections. Some can be used as an aid in the overall management of more serious conditions, such as candida, arthritis and rheumatism. In addition, since the oils work through the brain to act on the emotions, they are very useful too not only for stress relief, but in cases of anxiety, overwork, stage fright etc. Lists of oils recommended for specific physical and emotional symptoms are given on page Essential Oil Uses. While essential oils may help to alleviate symptoms, people suffering from serious conditions should always seek expert advice from a qualified Aromatherapist or from their family physician.
Please Note:
- Aromatherapy can be very helpful during pregnancy and labor, but only under qualified guidance: if you are pregnant, you are strongly advised to consult a qualified aromatherapist.
- Some oils are stimulants, which can sometimes affect people suffering from epilepsy. Sufferers should seek medical advise before using essential oils.
- For babies and small children, use essential oils in extra diluted quantities.
- Keep bottles out of the reach of small children.
- Unless specifically indicated, do not apply undiluted oils directly onto the skin, as they can cause irritation.
- For the same reason, it is advisable to give yourself a patch test on a small area of skin when using your own blend. Note that certain drugs, stress and the menstrual cycle can also affect your sensitivity.
- Keep oils away from the eyes, and don't rub your eyes after handling essential oils. If you should get any oil in your eyes, wash the eye out with plenty of fresh water and seek medical advise if necessary.
- Essential oils are flammable, so do not put them on or near a naked flame except in a proper burner.
- Some oils are solvents and may damage certain plastics or polished wood surfaces.
- Never take oils by mouth, unless under medical supervision.
- If you are taking homeopathic remedies, check with your practitioner before using essential oils, as it is believed that the strong aromas can cancel the effects of some homeopathic medicines.
- If you suffer from skin or other allergies, use the oils very carefully, and patch test before using. If you are unfortunate to have an allergic reaction to perfume, you are likely also to be allergic to all essential oils. In this case, seek some other gentle form of therapy, such as homeopathy or the Bach Flower Remedies.
- If in any doubt at all, consult a qualified aromatherapist.
What is Body Massage?
Body massage is ancient in origin and is embedded in human culture. The earliest recorded evidence for the use of massage is to be found in cave drawings and paintings which shows the use of touch as a form of healing. As early as 3000BC the Chinese were the first to practice massage to help treat illness and maintain health. Massage is often described as the systematic and manual manipulation of the soft tissue of the body. This is done in order to promote health and well-being. It is an ancient art that has been practiced and performed for many thousands of years well before the advent of medicine or surgery. Massage is a natural way of maintaining the vital human connection touch. It also has many health benefits, not only relieving stress, it is a powerful healing tool that enhances physical and emotional health as it brings the body into homeostasis by encouraging the body to heal itself.
What is Reflexology?
Reflexology is a form of natural healing. This is classed as both a science and an art. The science aspect states that there are reflex areas in the feet and hands, which corresponds to all parts of the body. The art aspect is the unique technique that is applied to the reflex areas by the thumbs and the fingers of the practitioner. Reflexology is a truly holistic therapy that is used to treat the whole body. Its aims are to restore balance by increasing the circulation to the internal organs, glands and other parts of the body through the feet. By working the reflex areas of the feet the practitioner can bring about homeostasis (balance in the body fluids) by unblocking the energy that stagnates in the feet. Reflexology is becoming a very popular complementary therapy. It is extremely relaxing and non-invasive way of helping to harmonise the bodys functions. It assists the body to bring about self healing by breaking down tension, relieving stress and improving the blood and nerve supply.Essential Oils
Basil:- Ocimun basilicumBulgarian basil has a delicate sweet spicy aroma. Refreshing, stimulating oil which makes an excellent nerve tonic, strengthens concentration, clears the mind.
Benzoin:- Styrax benzoin
Smooth sweet vanilla:-like aroma. Penetrating, warming and energising.
Bergamot:- Citrus bergamia risso
Greenish:-orange oil with an orange:-like, sweet, fruity aroma and a slight spicy:-balsamic undertone. Powerful anti:-depressant and nerve sedative.
Black Pepper:- Piper Nigrum
Has a warming, dry, woody:-spice aroma. Used to treat muscle ailments, colds and flu
Capejut:- Melaleuca cajaputi
Pale yellow oil has a penetrating camphous scent similar to Eucalyptus, but more fruity. Powerful stimulant.
Cedarwood:- Cedrus atlantica
Yellow - orange oil with a mild woody scent. Powerful antiseptic.
Chamomile Roman:- Anthemis nobilis
Fresh, sweet herbaceous aroma. Relaxing and soothing oil
Cinnamon:- Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Pale:-yellow:-brown oil with a powerful warm, spicy aroma. Stimulates circulation and digestion. Strong antiseptic.
Clary - sage:- Salvia sclarea
Pale yellow with a deep, sweet, herbaceous aroma. Euphoric, warming relaxant. A good tonic.
Clove Bud:- Eugenia caryophylliata
A pleasant fruity:-spicy aroma. Powerful antiseptic.
Cypress:- Cupressus sempervirens
Pale yellow:-green oil with a smoky, sweet, balsamic aroma. Very astringent. Soothing and refreshing.
Eucalyptus:- Eucalyptus citriodora
Has a penetrating camphoraceous woody:-sweet scent. Stimulating oil. Antiseptic and anti:-viral.
Fennel:- Foeniculum vulgare
A clear essential oil with a deep, sweet, aniseed:-like aroma. Excellent carminative and diuretic. Good for digestion.
Frankincense:- Boswellia thurfera/carterii
Also known as Olibanum. The oil has a rich, tenacious aroma. Comforting. Used for meditation and relaxation.
Geranium:- Pelagonium graveolens
Pale yellow:-green oil which has a delicate, sweet, rose:-like aroma. Stimulating general tonic. Appetite stimulant.
Ginger:- Zingiber officinale
Has a rich gingery, warm, woody scent
Grapefruit:- Citrus paradisi
Pale green:-yellow oil with a fresh, sharp, grapefruit:-citrus aroma
Hyssop:- Hyssopus officinalis
Has a pleasing smooth, sweet, honey:-like aroma. Disinfectant. Useful for chest infections.
Jasmine:- Jasminum officinale
Dark orange:-brown oil with an enticing sweet, warm, floral aroma. Anti:-depressant and aphrodisiac.
Juniper:- Juniperus communis
Distilled from juniper berries. Refreshing and invigorating oil. Antiseptic, astringent and diuretic.
Lavender French:- Lavendula augustifolium
A deep, soothing floral aroma. Analgesic, antiseptic, antibiotic, anti:-depressant, anti:-bacterial, decongestant and sedative.
Lemon:- Citrus limon
Pale yellow:-green oil with a refreshing lemon aroma. Antiseptic and disinfectant.
Lemongrass:- Cybopogon citratus
Invigorating, lemon aroma. Antiseptic and anti:-bacterial. A gastric stimulant.
Lime:- Citrus aurantifolia
Yellow:-green oil with a rich, sweet, lime citrus aroma.
Mandarin:- Citrus reticulata
An amber:-orange oil with a strong, sweet citrus:-orange aroma. Gentle stimulant. Good for digestive functions.
Marjoram:- Origanum majorana
Pale yellow oil with a sweet, smooth, spicy:-herbaceous aroma. Stimulant and emmenagogue.
Melissa:- Melissa officinalis
Pale yellow oil with a fresh, herbaceous lemony aroma. Very soothing. Anti:-depressant and anti:-spasmodic.
Myrrh:- Commiphora myrrha
An amber, viscous oil with a delightful sweet, balsamic aroma. Antiseptic, anti:-inflammatory and expectorant.
Neroli:- Citrus Aurantium Amara
Also known as Orange Blossom oil. Light floral aroma. Calms the emotions. Anti:-depressant, antiseptic and aphrodisiac.
Niaouli:- Melaleuca Viridiflora
Orange:- Citrus Sinensis
Yellow-orange oil with a vivid, sweet, orange:-fruity aroma. Sedative.
Palmarosa:- Cymbopogon Martini
Pale yellow oil with a sweet, floral, rose:-geranium aroma.
Patchouli:- Pogostemon Patchouli
A dark orange:-brown oil with a rich earthy aroma. Pungent. Stimulating, aphrodisiac.
Peppermint:- Mentha piperita
Pale yellow color with a strong, penetrating grassy:-mint aroma. Cooling and invigorating.
Pettigraine:- Citrus aurantium
An amber oil with a flowery, citrus scent and woody, herby undertones. Similar to Neroli.
Pine Needle:- Pinus sylvestris
Colorless oil with a strong, dry:-balsamic pine aroma. Powerful antiseptic.
Rosemary:- Rosmarinus officinalis
Colorless oil with a piercing, fresh, minty:-herb aroma with a slight woody undertone. Strengthening and invigorating.
Rose Absolute:- Rosa damascena
A rich red:-orange oil with a deep, sweet, honey:-rose aroma. Powerful anti:-depressant.
Rose Otto:- Rosa damascena
Pale yellow oil with a rich, slightly spicy, rosy aroma.
Rosewood:- Aniba rosaeodora
Colorless oil with a sweet:-woody, slightly spicy aroma.
Sandalwood:- Santalum album
Pale yellow oil with a delightful smooth, tenacious, sweet:-woody aroma. Sedative.
Tangerine:- Citrus reticulata blanco var
Similar to Orange
Tea Tree:- Melaleuca alternifolia
Colorless oil with a fresh, spicy aroma similar to camphor. Anti:-viral. Powerful stimulant to the immune system.
Thyme:- Thymus serpyllum
Yellow:-orange oil with a penetrating, herb:-like, warm, spicy aroma. Antiseptic.
Vetivert:- Vetivera zizanoides
An amber:-brown viscous oil with a deep, earthy aroma, and a sweet smooth undertone
Ylang-Ylang:- Cananga odorata
Pale yellow oil with an extremely sweet, exotic scent. Sensual stimulant.
Ylang-Ylang Extra:- Cananga odorata
A top grade Ylang -Ylang oil with a deep, creamy sweet, floral balsamic aroma.
Carrier Oils
Carrier oils are used to dilute essential oils to make essential oils suitable for massage. Essential oils are too powerful to be used undiluted on the skin. Carrier oils provide good lubrication for the therapist's hands to glide over the patients skin surface. Carrier oils are health giving substances in their own right; carrying important healing substances, vitamins and minerals. They support the skin's ability to function, to breathe, to absorb light, to regulate the skin's temperature, soften the skin and give it elasticity.
Choose from the following base oils for making your own massage blends. These oils are safe for all skin types, but it its advisable to patch test the carrier oils first before making the blend. A very few people with highly sensitive complexions can develop an allergic reaction even to natural oils, so it is worth testing each one you use on a small area of skin first. When preparing oils for the face, only use pure, top quality oils.
Having chosen your carrier oils, the next step is to select which essential oils to add. Essential oils are highly concentrated so should be used sparingly. As a rough guide, you need approximately 1 drop of essential oil for every 5 ml of carrier oil. Once blended, the massage mixture should be stored in a cool, dark place. The small amber glass bottles that are used for medicines make the best containers. Some even come with their own rubber pipettes which are useful for accurately measuring small quantities of oil.
Many vegetable oils are natural sunscreens. Studies show that the oils most able to block the sun's harmful rays are (in order) avocado, sweet almond, sesame, safflower, coconut and olive.
Almond Oil ( prunus armygdalus )
In ancient Rome, this oil was used to beautify the skin and treat injuries. Is a fine, light, soothing and healing oil, excellent for general use and is also useful for the removal of make-up and skin suffering from exposure to sun and wind. It is also suitable for hot packs. It has excellent penetrating properties and is beneficial to the skin regardless of skin type or age; it is particularly good for dry sensitive skins and can help relieve itchiness and swelling. Almond oil is completely odourless, and so is good for a base massage oil. Can be used on its own or blended with grapeseed, jojoba or sunflower oils.
Aloe Vera Oil
Aloe Vera helps maintain the skin's moisture balance and stimulates blood circulation. It tightens and rejuvenates the skin. It also helps heal sunburned skin and supports the beneficial effects of essential oils when they are used for treating skin disorders such as psoriasis, eczema and skin allergies. It is particularly good as a base for facial oils that treat dry, tired and infected skin.
Apricot Oil ( prunus armeniaca )
Pale yellow in color with a light, fine texture making it especially suitable for facial massage and make-up removal, also for skin suffering exposure to sun and wind. It is excellent for restoring a glow to dehydrated complexions. It is a very good source of minerals and vitamin A. It is expensive to use on its own, so blend with other oils (best with almond, grapeseed or jojoba oils). It has good penetration and therapeutic properties.
Avocado Oil ( persea americana )
One of the oils most easily absorbed into the deeper levels of the skin. Excellent for facial massage as it plumps up premature lined skins slowing the signs of ageing. Useful for relieving the dryness and itch of eczema and psoriasis. One of the heavier oils and expensive to use on its own so blend with other moisturizing and nourishing oils such as almond. It has therapeutic and good penetration properties. Contains Vitamins A and B.
Borage Oil ( borage officinalis )
Very rich in gamma linolenic acid (GLA), borage oil is a useful addition to oils to treat skin disorders such as eczema and psoriasis. Because of its fatty acid content it is also useful as an anti-ageing treatment. Very expensive but can be blended with other carrier oils.
Calendula Oil
Old herbalists ascribe a host of useful properties - from strengthening the eyesight to drawing tumors from the brain. Virtually all writers state that it comforts the heart. It is most valuable for its skin healing especially for badly cracked skin, nappy rashes and grazes.
Camellia Oil
Rich in nutritive elements for the nervous tissue of the skin, leaving the skin like silk
Carrot Seed Oil
It supplies the skin with Vitamin A as well as Vitamin B1, B2 and Vitamin C, minerals and Beta Carotene. It is very orange in color. The oil lessens the skins' sensitivity to sunlight as it protects and nourishes so creating a good tanning lotion. Used in a cream, lotion or with almond oil to restore elasticity and tone to the skin. It is rejuvenating, reducing premature ageing and scaring; it also relieves itching and drying e.g. eczema and psoriasis. DO NOT USE UNDILUTED ON THE SKIN.
Coconut Oil
Extracted from the white flesh of the coconut. Special fine oil favored for Caribbean type hair dressings and treatment. For blending as a base for sun tan oils for easily tanned skins. Used similarly as for Sweet Almond. An extremely rich natural moisturizer. Good for stretch marks, helps diminish loss of moisture in skin. Excellent for cracked or brittle skin. The coconut is also an excellent natural soap.
Evening Primrose Oil ( oenothers biennis )
High in levels of GLA. (Gamma Linolenic Acid) an essential fatty acid which the body uses to manufacture hormone like substances called Prostoglandins. These are involved in the healthy functioning of many types of body tissue; combating pain and inflammation; regulating the menstrual cycle and controlling blood/cholesterol levels. Prostoglandins appear to have a beneficial effect on the immune system and on the brain. It is an effective base oil for the treatment of PMT, eczema, psoriasis and arthritis. Helps to prevent the premature ageing of the skin. Use 10% dilution.
It is quite a sticky, concentrated oil and is therefore easiest to use when blended with another lighter oil, such as grapeseed or safflower. This mixture then forms a protective layer on the epidermis and keeps the complexion supple and strong. The mixture will keep for about a month if stored in a cool dark place.
Grapeseed Oil ( vitis vinifera )
This is a light, easily absorbed, inexpensive oil which is good for full body massage. It is completely odourless, making it an ideal base for essential oils. Suits all skin types. Can be used undiluted.
Hazelnut Oil ( corylus avallana )
This oil is slightly astringent, so suits oily, damaged or combination skins. Hazelnut oil is also more easily absorbed than most so is excellent for face and body massage blends. Can be used undiluted, however, it is one of the more expensive oils so dilute with grapeseed or sunflower oil. The oil has a slightly nutty fragrance and mixes well with Sandalwood, Rosewood and Ylang-Ylang. Store in a cool, dark place. Hazelnut oil will keep for up to a year while sealed. Once open, store in the fridge.
Jojoba Oil ( simmondsia chinensis )
Jojoba oil (pronounced ho-ho-ba) comes from the jojoba shrub in South America. The oil is extracted from the beans, and technically speaking, it is more of a wax than an oil as it is solid at room temperature. Jojoba oil is valuable because it requires little or no refining, and has several specific skincare properties. Its chemical composition is close to the skin's own oil, sebum., making it good for all skin types. Because of its natural affinity with the skin, jojoba oil combines with sebum and gently unclogs pores to free embedded dirt and grime.
Jojoba oil has unusual anti-bacterial properties that resist spoilage and rancidity. This means that jojoba oil has a very long shelf life, and can be left unopened with less fear of rancidity than other natural oils.
Jojoba oil is a wonderfully light carrier oil and the best base for facial oil blends. Because of its fine texture it is the most suitable oil for oily, combination and acne skins. Jojoba penetrates the skin more easily than most oils and is also good for body massage. Rich in vitamin E, jojoba has a longer shelf life than many other vegetable oils.
It is of vegetable liquid wax consistency; does not oxidize so therefore will not spoil. Very rich in Vitamin E. It is a well known medicinal oil used for treating eye and throat infections and all types of skin disorders e.g. eczema, psoriasis, acne and inflamed skins as it has very good anti-inflammatory properties. It conditions and restores skin and hair and is widely used in shampoos and hair conditioners. Cosmetically is a very special oil to use and likened to the natural sebum in the skin and is a good natural moisturizer. It contains traces of iodine and it has the ability to emulsify fat and tone tissues. It is good for dieting/losing weight. It protects the skin and is a good barrier for hands and babies bottoms. It is a marvelous emollient. Use a 10% dilution.
Macadamia Nut Oil
This helps maintain the natural moisture levels of the skin deficient in conditions such as psoriasis.
Olive Oil ( olea europaea )
Only use 100% Extra Virgin Cold Pressed. It has exceptional disinfecting and wound healing properties, therefore it can be used for mixtures that care for infected skin. (For ear infections mix 10ml with 1 drop Chamomile and 1 drop lavender). A natural moisturizer. Helps feed the skin. Softens and lubricates. Olive oil has a slightly sticky texture so suits dryer skins. Excellent for adding to body massage blends and for soothing sore, chapped skin. Use a 10% dilution.
Originally used by the Ancient Greeks and Egyptians for body massage. A useful source of vitamin E, olive oil is wonderfully soothing and will instantly take the heat out or sore, inflamed skin. Olive oil also makes a useful hair conditioner as it increases the tensile strength of the hair shafts.
Compared to other nut and seed oils, olive oil is one of the simplest to process. It was originally extracted by crushing olives in hessian bags suspended in barrels of water. When the oil floated to the top of the barrels it was skimmed off and bottled. Nowadays most olive oil is extracted by cold-pressing, and it is still the easiest type of oil to find in its raw, unrefined state. Virgin olive oil is classified as the unrefined juice of the fruit with an acidity level of less than 2%. Extra virgin olive oil has an acidity level of less than 1% and is the best - and most expensive - type you can buy. Bottles labeled "pure" olive oil are not as unadulterated as their name implies and contain a blend of both refined and virgin olive oils. Supermarket own-labels and well-known brands may be extracted using a combination of heat and solvents. Olive oil is one of the longest lasting oils as it forms fewer of the degenerating peroxides that cause rancidity when exposed to heat or daylight. Unlike some cooking oils, olive oil produces fewer of the dangerous peroxides and aldehydes that have toxic effects on the body.
Passionflower Oil
A useful source of essential fatty acids, vitamin E and minerals. Passionflower oil helps maintain skin elasticity and is an excellent addition to face and body massage blends. Expensive.
Peachnut Oil
Helps prevent skin dehydration and is especially good for sensitive complexions. Has a useful element of Vitamin E and has therapeutic properties. It is used for its regenerating and tonic effects; helps to cleanse and contract pores; also smoothes wrinkles. Has a useful element of vitamin A if not over-refined and can be used instead of apricot kernel oil..
Pear Oil
Is useful for dry skin, containing Vitamin A, is suitable for hot packs and because of its low viscosity aids absorption into the skin. It has good penetration and therapeutic properties.
Rapeseed Oil ( brassica napus )
The rape plant belongs to the cabbage family. Because of its unfortunate name, some prefer to call rape cole and have renamed rapeseed coleseed. Rapeseed oil has the highest percentage of unsaturated fats of any vegetable oil. It contains over 90% mono and polyunsaturates. It is only available in a highly refined state and as such is devoid of many important nutrients. Rapeseed oil must be protected from the light and heat to delay rancidity and is best stored in the fridge.
Rosehip Seed Oil
This oil has been found to be a very effective skin treatment. It promotes tissue regeneration and is good for scars, burns and wrinkles. It is very high in Vitamin C and can be used undiluted.
Safflower Oil
Grown in India, China and Egypt. Valued for its very fine oil similar to the bodies' own oil. Another favorite with aromatherapists for body massage because of its light texture and penetrative power. Unrefined versions contain useful amounts of vitamins and minerals. Safflower oil is also one of the cheapest and most readily available oils. It is the most difficult vegetable oil to keep fresh, and should always be stored in the fridge.
Sesame Seed Oil ( sesamum indicum )
Cultivated in the East for thousands of years. An excellent sunscreen, absorbs 39% of radiation from the sun. Contains 32% natural protein. Unrefined sesame oil contains vitamins, minerals and lecithin and is excellent for adding to facial massage blends. Can be used to help skin complaints. It has a find, light texture and almost no smell, making it an ideal base for massage oils.
St. John's Wort Oil
This is a product of blossoms and leaves from the bush, steeped for 3 weeks in a base oil (olive, jojoba or almond), exposed to direct sunlight. It is rare though, to find a herbal oil of this concentration in any store. The healing properties can be enhanced just by using the blossoms. Ruby red in color, this oil provides excellent treatment for all types if sores, wounds, burns - especially sun burn, boils, and nerve pain (like lumbago or sciatica). Mix equal quantities with jojoba for a very healing skin oil.
Sunflower Oil ( helianthus anuus )
From Mexico and Peru. Softens skin and holds large amounts of moisture. Softens the pore opening. Also gives off Vitamin B. A source of vitamins and minerals, this light-textured oil is especially good for body massage. Sunflower oil is also inexpensive and can be blended with the more exotic oils. Most sunflower oils are highly processed so make sure you only use the unrefined varieties that still retain their nutrients. It should be stored in the fridge.
Walnut Oil ( juglans regia )
America is the largest producer of walnuts, followed by China and Turkey. Oil extraction is a time-consuming process as the shells have to be removed by hand, using a small mallet on a stone base, taking care not to break the kernel. The kernels are then ground using a millstone and warm pressed to release the oil. After pressing, the topaz colored oil is filtered through paper or cotton cloth before bottling. It takes about 2 kilos (4.5 lb.) of walnuts to produce 1 litre (1.75 pints) of walnut oil. The oil is easy to find in its natural, unrefined state and is stocked in an increasing number of supermarkets. Unopened walnut oil keeps for up to a year if stored away from the light, but once open it is best kept in the fridge.
Wheatgerm Oil ( triticum vulgare )
This is extracted from the germ of the wheat kernel. 28lbs of wheat germ is required to produce 2 pints of oil. 5% - 20% is a good guide to mix with any other base oil - normal dilution is 10%. This will extend its shelf life and add to the skin nourishing properties. Very thick and dark red color; it also has a strong odour. Natural preservative. Very high in Vitamin E and also contains Vitamin A and D. Too thick really for massage. It supports the skins natural process of regeneration; aids muscle and lymph function and is particularly valuable for treating dry, ageing skin. Very good for extremely dry areas e.g. knees and elbows. Good for stretch marks and scar tissue, particularly good for dry rough skin, leaving skin very smooth. It has good penetration properties. Good for any skin condition, from dry skin to healing scars, stretch marks and blemishes. Use up to 25% combined with another base oil. This dark, aromatic oil is too sticky to use on its own but makes a wonderful addition to dry skin massage blends. Add a few drops to every massage blend as it is a natural antioxidant and will preserve the potency of all oils.
Mineral Oils
Mineral oils are made from petroleum. They are often used as a base for baby oils. They should not be used for massage with essential oils; they are not a suitable medium as they do not absorb into the skin, but lie on the surface therefore stopping the skin functioning effectively. The body cannot cope with mineral oils so they are deposited in the tissue as toxin. Mineral oils are dead oils that diminish the positive effect of essential oils.
Uses of Essential Oils
There are many ways to use essential oils for their fragrance and balancing properties. The proportions given for diluting essential oils are a guideline and you can adjust them to your preference. The key is - a little goes a long way. One drop of essential oil is often equal to one ounce of the plant.Inhalation: The Aromatic Effect
The simple, no frills way to use essential oils is to take the cap off the bottle andbreathe deeply. It's most effective and you can use it anytime and anywhere. An aroma diffuser has a small container that is filled with water and heated usually by a candle. Add 6-10 drops of an essential oil to water in the bowl of an aroma diffuser. The aromatic vapors of the essential oils are diffused as the water is heated. To create a natural air freshener to enhance moods or freshen the air at home, work or in the car. Add 50-75 drops of an essential oil to 2 ounces of pure water in a mist spray bottle. Shake well before spraying into the air. Add 25 drops of an essential oil to a potpourri that has lost its scent. Or create your own potpourri by adding drops of an essential oil to dried leaves, flowers, etc. Mix together in a container, cover tightly and store for several days to allow the potpourri material to absorb the essential oils.
Direct inhalation of the aromatic vapors can be useful for quick effect of the essential oils and to help breathing. Add 8 drops of an essential oil to a bowl of hot water, place a towel over your head, and breathe deeply for about 5 minutes.
Full bath: Add 8-15 drops of an
essential oil to the tub after the water has finished
running. Stir the water to mix the oils evenly. It is best not to use soap -
simply the
essential oils. Baths are very effective as you breathe the vapors and absorb
the oils
through the skin.
Foot or hand bath: Add 4-5 drops of an essential oil to a container filled with warm water and stir the water to mix the oils. Soak feet or hands and relax.
Jacuzzi: Add 3 drops per person (6 drops if only one person) of an essential oil to the Jacuzzi water before getting in.
Absorption Massage: Create your own massage oil by adding up to 18 drops of an essential oil to 1 oz of pure vegetable oil or try our ready made massage oils. For children use only 6 drops of an essential oil per 1 oz of a carrier oil. The massage oil can be used for a full massage or spot massage at pressure points for quick effect.
Miscellaneous ways: Add 6 drops of an essential oil to a bowl of hot or cold water. Submerse a cloth in the water, wring it out and place it on the area needing healing. Hot compresses are useful for muscular pain and cramp relief and cold compresses are useful for swelling or headache. Add 4-8 drops of an essential oil to a wash cloth and rub briskly over your body after showering. Add 25 drops of an essential oil to 1 ounce of water in a mist spray bottle or to a carrier oil. You can experiment with different combinations of oils as well
Oils for the Body:
Dry Skin: Benzoin, Palma Rosa, Patchouli, Carrot, Geranium, Pettigraine, Lavender, Chamomile, Rose, Sandalwood
Greasy Skin: Lavender, Orange, Lemon, Clary-Sage, Jasmine, Neroli, Cypress, Ylang-Ylang, Bergamot
General Oils: Palma Rosa, Carrot, Geranium, Lavender, Chamomile, Jasmine, Neroli, Ylang-Ylang, Frankincense, Sandalwood, PatchouliDisturbed Skin: Geranium, Lavender, Chamomile, Clary-sage, Niaouli, Eucalyptus, Thyme, MyrrhSensitive Skin: Geranium, Lavender, Chamomile
Oils for the Face:
General: Benzoin, Carrot, Chamomile, Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, Jasmine, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Marjoram, Orange, Palma Rosa, Patchouli, Peppermint, Pettigraine, Rosemary, Ylang-Ylang
Dry Skin: Benzoin, Carrot, Chamomile, Geranium, Hyssop, Lemon, Neroli, Palma Rosa, Patchouli, Rose, Rosemary, Sandalwood
Dehydrated Skin: Carrot, Geranium, Lavender
Hydrated Skin: Carrot, Cypress, Geranium, Hyssop, Lavender, Lemon, Palma Rosa, Patchouli, Rose, Sandalwood
Sensitive Skin: Carrot, Chamomile, Geranium, Lavender
Disturbed Skin: Carrot, Chamomile, Clary-sage, Geranium, Hyssop, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Patchouli, Palma Rosa, Sandalwood
Oils for Mental, Emotional and Stress Related Symptoms:
Absent-mindedness:- CedarwoodAgeing, feelings of:- Tangerine
Anger:- Chamomile, Mint, Ylang-Ylang
Anxiety:-Cedarwood, Chamomile, Clary-sage, Frankincense,Geranium, Juniper, Lavender, Marjoram, Rosewood, Sandalwood, Tangerine
Anxiety, sexual:-Sandalwood, Ylang-Ylang
Apathy:- Lemon, Orange, Tangerine, Tea Tree Bitterness:-Lemon
Boredom:- Orange
Burn-out:- Frankincense
Change, coping with:- Ylang-Ylang
Change, difficulty in adjusting to:-Clary-sage
Change, difficulty in making:- Orange
Claustrophobia:-Clary-sage, Frankincense
Compulsiveness:- Clary-sage, Frankincense
Concentration, lack of:-Cedarwood, Eucalyptus, Rosemary
Confidence, lack of:- Ylang-Ylang
Confusion:- Geranium, Lemon
Courage, lack of (See also Fear):-Frankincense
Critical of others:- Rosewood
Cynicism:- Sandalwood
Daydreaming:- Cedarwood, Rosewood
Depression:- Chamomile, Clary-sage, Frankincense, Geranium,Lavender, Orange, Sandalwood, Tangerine, Ylang-Ylang
Despondency:-Juniper
Detail, Over-preoccupation with:-Tea Tree
Discipline, lack of:-Frankincense
Disorientation:-Rosemary
Dreams, recurrent:- Clary-sage, Sandalwood
Empathy, lack of:- Rosewood
Emptiness, emotional:- Tangerine
Exhaustion, mental:-Frankincense
Exhaustion, from overwork:-Clary-sage, Orange
Fatigue, mental:-Frankincense, Lavender, Mint, Rosemary, Rosewood
Fear:-Chamomile, Frankincense
Fear, acute:-Geranium
Fear, of coming events:-Sandalwood
Fear, of confronting issues:- Marjoram
Fear, of the dark:-Lavender
Fear, of dying:- Tangerine
Fear, of effort:- Sandalwood
Fear, of failure:- Lavender, Sandalwood, Ylang-Ylang
Fear, of going mad:- Ylang-Ylang
Fear, of letting go:- Ylang-Ylang
Fear, of people:-Lavender, Ylang-Ylang
Fear, of others opinions:- Cypress
Fear, rigid with:- Geranium
Fear, of showing feelings:- Marjoram, Ylang-Ylang
Fear, with inner trembling:- Lavender
Fear, of unknown origin:- Lavender
Frustration:- Ylang-Ylang
Giving in to others:- Cypress
Grief:- Marjoram
Grief, for long past:- Tangerine
Grief, prolonged after loss:-Frankincense
Grudginess:- Lemon
Grumpiness:- Redwood
Guilt feelings:- Juniper, Ylang-Ylang
Hopelessness:- Orange
Hostility:- Clary-sage, Marjoram
Hyperactivity:- Clary-sage, Lavender
Hypersensitivity:- Mint
Hysteria:- Chamomile, Lavender, Mint
Impatience:- Chamomile, Lavender, Ylang-Ylang
Impulsiveness:- Chamomile
Indecision:- Rosemary
Insecurity:- Frankincense, Lavender, Sandalwood
Insomnia:- Chamomile, Clary-sage, Lavender, Orange, Sandalwood, Tangerine, Ylang-Ylang
Instability:- Geranium, Rosewood
Irrationality:- Lavender, Ylang-Ylang
Irritability:- Chamomile, Cypress, Lavender, Marjoram, Sandalwood, Ylang-Ylang
Jealousy:- Cypress, Ylang-Ylang
Joy, lack of:- Orange, Tangerine
Lethargy, Listlessness:- Clary-sage, Cypress, Juniper, Lemon, Orange, Rosemary, Sandalwood
Loneliness:- Marjoram
Memory, poor:- Rosemary
Moodiness, mood swings:- Eucalyptus, Geranium, Lavender, Rosewood
Nerves, exhausted:-Chamomile, Clary-sage, Juniper, Lavender, Marjoram, Rosemary
Nerves, living on:- Chamomile
Nightmares Frankincense, Lavender
Nostalgia, Living in the past:- Frankincense, Sandalwood, Tangerine
Obsession:- Clary-sage, Sandalwood
Obsession, with past:- Frankincense, Sandalwood
Obstinacy:- Orange, Rosewood, Ylang-Ylang
Overactive mind:- Chamomile, Lavender, Marjoram
Overburdened:- Rosewood
Overburdened, by responsibilities:- Rosemary
Over-emotional:- Eucalyptus
Over- talkativeness:- Cypress
Overwork:- Lavender, Rosewood
Overwork, mental strain from:- Clary-sage, Rosemary
Palpitations, nervous:- Lavender
Panic attacks:- Clary-sage, Frankincense, Lavender, Ylang-Ylang
Paranoia:- Frankincense, Lavender
Perseverance, lack of:- Frankincense
Procrastination:- Sandalwood
Resentment:- Clary-sage, Lemon, Sandalwood, Ylang-Ylang
Resignation:- Orange
Restlessness:- Chamomile, Lavender
Rigidity, mental:- Geranium, Rosewood
Sadness:- Marjoram, Orange
Selfishness, self-centredness:- Lemon, Orange, Sandalwood
Self criticism:- Frankincense
Self-esteem, lack of:- Juniper, Rosemary, Sandalwood, Ylang-Ylang
Sensitivity:- Lemon, Sandalwood, Ylang-Ylang
Shock:- Tea Tree, Ylang-Ylang
Shyness:- Mint, Ylang-Ylang
Stability, need for:- Frankincense
Stage fright:- Lavender
Strain, mental:- Chamomile, Clary-sage, Marjoram, Rosemary
Stress, General Strain:- Cedarwood, Chamomile, Clary-sage, Geranium, Juniper, Lavender, Marjoram, Tangerine
Sulkiness:- Clary-sage, Rosewood
Suspiciousness:- Ylang-Ylang
Tantrums, in children:- Chamomile
Tension, nervous:- Cedarwood, Chamomile, Clary-sage, Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, Juniper, Lavender, Rosewood, Sandalwood, Tangerine, Ylang-Ylang
Thoughts, gloomy:- Orange
Thoughts, irrational:- Marjoram
Thoughts, Negative:- Clary-sage, Lavender
Thoughts, Racing:- Clary-sage
Thoughts, Restless:- Chamomile
Thoughts, scattered:- Cedarwood
Thoughts, unclear:- Eucalyptus, Lemon, Juniper, Mint, Rosemary
Touchiness:- Lemon
Uncleanness, feelings of:- Tea Tree
Unforgivingness:- Sandalwood
Unyielding, to circumstances:- Rosewood
Weak-willed:- Cypress
Withdrawnness:- Marjoram
Worry, General:- Chamomile
Worry, about future:- Lavender, Sandalwood
Worry, about past:- Frankincense
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